Supplementary insulin injections are necessary for dogs suffering from Type I diabetes. Image via www.breeders.net.

Dogs can also suffer from diabetes mellitus. Just as in humans, this condition can be readily managed with caring pet parents.

Causes

There are several factors that can increase a dog’s risk of developing diabetes. Some breeds of dogs are more predisposed to suffer from diabetes, like poodles, dachshunds, beagles, and miniature schnauzers. Illnesses that affect the pancreas and immune system can increase a dog’s chance of developing the condition. Older, overweight, and female dogs are also at a higher risk for diabetes.

There are two forms of diabetes mellitus:

• Type I, or insulin-dependent, diabetes is due to a shortage of insulin. It requires supplementary insulin shots to be given and is more severe and less common than Type II.
• Type II dogs do not require insulin and only have elevated blood glucose levels. This form is more common

Symptoms

Diabetes is a progressive disease, so it’s important to recognize the early symptoms of Type II and treat them before it develops into Type I. Excessive urination and thirst, along with hunger and weight loss, are preliminary signs. As the disease advances, anorexia, lethargy, depression, and vomiting will be evident. Cataracts or vision loss may also develop.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Your vet will ask for a detailed medical history of the symptoms, including onset and any unusual changes in appetite, behavior, or bathroom habits. Blood and urine tests generally indicate a diagnosis of diabetes right away; unusually high levels of glucose will be found in both.

A diet plan will be created by your vet for both underweight and overweight dogs; obesity and anorexia can complicate diabetes. It’s essential for pet parents to keep careful track of their pet’s diet, weight, glucose test results, and daily insulin dosage. Your veterinarian will select a type and dosage frequency of insulin that meets your dog’s needs and instruct you on delivering insulin shots if needed. Diabetes is a chronic condition that cannot be cured, but is easily manageable with dedication and organization.

Management

Avoid feeding your pet wet foods and consider investing in automatic food and water feeders to control amounts and curb overeating and -drinking. Sticking to the nutrition plan devised by your vet is important. Walking your pet daily can reduce your pet’s chance of becoming obese. If your dog has Type I diabetes, daily monitoring of their glucose levels and insulin shots is crucial.

If your dog has two or more of the factors that increase their likelihood of developing diabetes, make an appointment with your vet and see what you can do to decrease their risk. Keep your dog at a healthy weight and a close eye on their dietary habits.